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June 2020 Viewpointe, Page 3
JICYMI from page 2 Sephardic Dutch Jews were also among the early inhabitants. While everyone shall sit safely under his own
settlers of Newport (where Touro Synagogue, the country’s vine and fig-tree and there shall be none to make him afraid.”
on the main branch of Powell’s Creek, Virginia, around 1648, oldest surviving synagogue building, stands), Savannah, In 1790, the approximate 2,500 Jews in America faced a
Albino Lupo who traded with his brother, Amaso de Tores, in Philadelphia and Baltimore. In New York City, Shearith Israel number of legal restrictions in various states that prevented
London. Two brothers named Silvedo and Manuel Rodriguez Congregation is the oldest continuous congregation started non-Christians from holding public office and voting, but
are documented to be in Lancaster County, Virginia, around in 1687 having their first synagogue erected in 1728, and its Delaware, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Georgia soon
1650. None of the Jews in Virginia were forced to leave under current building still houses some of the original pieces of eliminated these barriers, as did the Bill of Rights in 1791
any conditions. Solomon Franco, a Jewish merchant, arrived that first. generally.
in Boston in 1649; subsequently he was given a stipend from In 1740 Parliament passed the Plantation Act to regularize Sephardic Jews became active in community affairs in
the Puritans there, on condition he leave on the next passage and encourage immigration; the law specifically permitted the 1790s, after achieving “political equality in the five states
back to Holland. Jews and other nonconformists to be naturalized in their in which they were most numerous.” Other barriers did not
In I654, shortly before the Jewish New Year, twenty-three American colonies. By the time of American Revolution, officially fall for decades in the states of Rhode Island (1842),
Jews from the Sephardic community in the Netherlands, the Jewish population in America was still small, with only North Carolina (1868), and New Hampshire (1877).
coming from Recife, Brazil, then a Dutch colony, arrived 1,000 to 2,000, in a colonial population of about 2.5 million. Despite these restrictions, which were often enforced
in New Amsterdam (New York City). Governor Peter Revolutionary era unevenly, there were really too few Jews in 17th- and 18th-
Stuyvesant tried to enhance his Dutch Reformed Church by By 1776 and the War of Independence, around 2,000 century America for anti-Jewish incidents to become a
discriminating against other religions, but religious pluralism Jews lived in America, most of them Sephardic Jews who significant social or political phenomenon at the time. The
was already a tradition in the Netherlands and his superiors immigrated from Spain and Portugal. They played a role in evolution for Jews from toleration to full civil and political
(a number of them Jews) at the Dutch West India Company the struggle for independence, including fighting the British, equality that followed the American Revolution helped
in Amsterdam overruled him. In 1664 the English conquered with Francis Salvador being the first Jew to die, and playing a ensure that Antisemitism would never become as common
New Amsterdam and renamed it New York. role in financing the revolution, with one of the key financiers as in Europe.
Early Jewish Congregations in the 13 British Colonies being Haym Solomon. 19th Century
in North America. The highest ranking Jewish officer of the Colonial forces Following traditional religious and cultural teachings
Religious tolerance was also established elsewhere in was Colonel Mordecai Sheftall. Others, like David Salisbury about improving the lot of their brethren, Jewish residents
the colonies; the colony of South Carolina, for example, Franks, despite loyal service in both the Continental in the United States began to organize their communities
was originally governed under an elaborate charter drawn Army and the American diplomatic corps, suffered from in the early 19th century. Early examples include a Jewish
up in 1669 by the English philosopher John Locke. his association as aide-de-camp for the traitorous general orphanage set up in Charleston, South Carolina in 1801, and
This charter granted liberty of conscience to all settlers, Benedict Arnold. the first Jewish school, Polonies Talmud Torah, established
expressly mentioning “Jews, heathens, and dissenters.” As President George Washington remembered the Jewish in New York in 1806. In 1843, the first national secular
a result, Charleston, South Carolina has a particularly long contribution when he wrote to the Sephardic congregation Jewish organization in the United States, the B’nai B’rith
history of Sephardic settlement, which in 1816 numbered of Newport, Rhode Island, in a letter dated August 17, 1790: was established.
over 600, then the largest Jewish population of any city “May the children of the stock of Abraham who dwell in the Jewish Texans have been a part of Texas History since
in the United States. land continue to merit and enjoy the goodwill of the other the first European explorers arrived in the 16th century.
Spanish Texas did not welcome easily identifiable Jews,
but they came in any case. Jao de la Porta was with Jean
Board Of Directors Laffite at Galveston, Texas in 1816, and Maurice Henry was
in Velasco in the late 1820s. Jews fought in the armies of
April 2019 – April 2020 Officers/Executive Committee the Texas Revolution of 1836, some with Fannin at Goliad,
others at San Jacinto. Dr. Albert Levy became a surgeon
to revolutionary Texan forces in 1835, participated in the
Chairman and President Barry J. Haberman District 5 Dan Gabrielle (La Corniche)
Vice Chair Steve Retzer Esplanada, Caravelle, Palomar, La Corniche, capture of Béxar, and joined the Texas Navy the next year.
Vice President Gail Ehrlich and El Dorado By 1840, Jews constituted a tiny, but nonetheless stable,
2nd Vice President Jim Collins District 6 Marvin Lazarowitz (Villa Stel) middle-class minority of about 15,000 out of the 17 million
Secretary Steve King Villa Flora, Montego Bay, Villa Stel, and Palladium Americans counted by the U.S. Census. Jews intermarried
Treasurer Harvey Kaplan District 7 Joyce Britt (Villa Sonrisa) rather freely with non-Jews, continuing a trend that had
The Plum/Cortina, Villa Sonrisa and Pointe 100 begun at least a century earlier. However, as immigration
District Directors District 8 Len Kagan (Costa del Sol) increased the Jewish population to 50,000 by 1848, negative
District 1 Alvaro Fernandez Caballero (Encantada) Costa del Sol and Costa Brava stereotypes of Jews in newspapers, literature, drama, art,
Encantada, Valencia and The Palms District 9 Robin Gliboff (Edgewater) and popular culture grew more commonplace and physical
District 2 Steve King (Imperial Royale) Edgewater Pointe Estates and Stratford Court attacks became more frequent.
Promenade, Imperial Royale, Imperial, Regency More next month.
and Panaché At Large Directors At Large Directors
District 3 Steve Retzer (La Mirada) Through 2020 Through 2021
La Mirada and Meridiana Carsten Bethge (Valencia) Howard Davis (La Corniche) For copies of this and other articles that have appeared in
District 4 Bob Greenstein (La Paz) Jim Collins (Caravelle) Gail Ehrlich (Villa Flora) this column, go to Bobkronish.blogspot.com. Send comments
El Viento, La Paz, and Southwinds Harvey Kaplan (Meridiana) Barry J. Haberman (Encantada) to bobkro@hotmail.com.
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