Page 14 - PGA Community News - November '21

Page 14, PGA C.A.N.! November 2021 November 2021

Brazil: Home Of Carnival And The 2016 Olympics

By Don Kiselewski, MCC,
D.S., Palm Beach Gardens
Travel Leaders
The first evidence of
human settlement in Brazil
can be traced back some
8,000 years. Two distinct
developments occurred
within the country, one in
the Amazon Basin and the
other to the south, along the
coast.
Europeans first reached Brazil in January of 1500, when
Spaniard Vicente Yáñez Pinzón landed. Several months later
in April, Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral arrived in Brazil,
which he claimed for Portugal on May 3, 1500. These new Brazil’s world-renowned Christ the Redeemer statue sits atop Corcoyado Mountain, overlooking the scenic city of Rio de
territories were first called the Ilha de Vera Cruz (Island of Janeiro. Photo by Artyominc/Wikimedia, Creative Commons License
the True Cross) and allotted to Portugal by the Treaty of
Tordesillas in 1494. However, Spain did not recognize this
claim until 1522. Brazil was divided into 13 fiefdoms in 1532,
each under a “captain.” They enhanced cooperation between
the captains in 1548 when King John III of Portugal sent a
governor to hold together these captaincies.
The 16 century colonization began in the northeast,
th
where they imported slaves from Africa to labor in the cane
fields. In 1554, the Jesuit missionaries in São Paula started
the conversion of the Indians to Christianity. The French
and Dutch attempted settlements, but revolts of Portuguese
settlers destroyed these communities.
Stockbreeding and agriculture increased rapidly, over
the next two centuries. Tobacco, rice, cotton, cocoa and This photo from August 2012 shows Rio’s Maracanã Stadium being reformed to meet international requirements needed for
dye-producing plants had great influence on the economy the World Cup in 2014 and the Summer Olympics in 2016. Photo by Don Kiselewski
of the period. The discovery of gold slowed the growth
of agriculture in the interior. Large gold strikes occurred During his reign there were great economic expansions due Ten of the world’s 20 largest rivers snake through the
in 1694 in Minas Gerais, and in 1718 there was another to the cultivation of coffee. He granted universal suffrage, Amazon Basin, which stretches from the Andes, home of
find in Mato Grosso. The mining of diamonds began in abolished slavery and secularized civil service, and in the continent’s highest peaks, east to the Atlantic Ocean.
1699, which, like the gold finds, shifted labor away from doing so became so authoritarian that a military revolution Brazil is the largest country in South America; its area
agriculture. Today, Brazil produces about 65 percent of overthrew him and Brazil became a republic in 1889. The covers 3.2 million square miles. Bordering every country
the world’s gems. Shoppers get excellent prices on stones last century has produced many changes in the direction of in South America except Chile and Ecuador, Brazil contains
and settings largely because stones are not exported for the government and its leaders. In 1986, democracy was
cutting and crafting. ushered in, when José Sarney became the country’s leader. Brazil on page 15
The arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family strengthened
nationalism in Rio de Janeiro in 1808, when Napoleonic
troops occupied Portugal. King John VI remained in Brazil
until 1821. In 1822, his son Dom Pedro became Pedro I,
the emperor of Brazil. Pedro II began his rule in 1840.

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